Nature 382: 595–601īridges C (1920) The mutant crossveinless in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 253: 194–196īouwmeester T, Kim S, Sasai Y, Lu B, de Robertis EM (1996) Cerberus is a head-inducing secreted factor expressed in the anterior endoderm of Spemann’s organizer. Dev Cell 3: 735–744īlumberg B, Wright CV, de Robertis EM, Cho KW (1991) Organizer-specific homeobox genes in Xenopus laevis embryos. Genesis 26: 265–270īertocchini F, Stern CD (2002) The hypoblast of the chick embryo positions the primitive streak by antagonizing nodal signaling. Dev Biol 250: 231–250īelo JA, Bachiller D, Agius E, Kemp C, Borges AC, Marques S, Piccolo S, de Robertis EM (2000) Cerberus-like is a secreted BMP and nodal antagonist not essential for mouse development. Genes Dev 13: 3149–3159īalemans W, van Hul W (2002) Extracellular regulation of BMP signaling in vertebrates: a cocktail of modulators. Nature 403: 658–661īachiller D, Klingensmith J, Shneyder N, Anderson R, Tran U, Rossant J, de Robertis EM (2003) The role of chordin/BMP signals in mammalian pharyngeal development and DiGeorge syndrome Development (in press)īaker JC, Beddington RS, Harland RM (1999) Wnt signaling in Xenopus embryos inhibits BMP4 expression and activates neural development. Nat Biotechnol 20: 1240–1245īachiller D, Klingensmith J, Kemp C, Belo JA, Anderson RM, May SR, McMahon JA, McMahon AP, Harland RM, Rossant J, De Robertis EM (2000) The organizer factors Chordin and Noggin are required for mouse forebrain development. Nature 398: 427–431Īubert J, Dunstan H, Chambers I, Smith A (2002) Functional gene screening in embryonic stem cells implicates Wnt antagonism in neural differentiation. Development 127: 1173–1183Īshe HL, Levine M (1999) Local inhibition and long-range enhancement of Dpp signal transduction by Sog. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Īgius E, Oelgeschläger M, Wessely O, Kemp C, de Robertis EM (2000) Endodermal Nodal-related signals and mesoderm induction in Xenopus. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. In this chapter we review the molecular exploration of the gene products that execute the phenomenon of the Spemann organizer. When cloning became practical, it became possible to identify the molecules responsible for this remarkable inducing activity. For this well-known work Spemann received the Nobel Prize of Medicine in 1935 (Spemann 1938 Sander and Faessler 2001). ![]() This experiment led to the realization that vertebrate cell differentiation progresses through a series of successive cell-cell inductions. Since the fate of grafted cells could be followed by their different pigmentation, they were able to demonstate that the dorsal blastopore lip had very powerful inductive properties on neighboring cells. The dorsal lip was able to induce central nervous system (CNS), dorsal mesoderm (in particular somites and pronephros) and a secondary gut cavity. By transplanting the dorsal lip into the ventral side of a salamander gastrula of a different species, they found that the graft could induce a secondary neural plate and a twinned body axis. An English translation of their epoch-making paper, by Viktor Hamburger, is available in the Festschrift celebrating the 75th anniversary of this work (Spemann and Mangold 1924 de Robertis and Aréchaga 2001). Its most important experiment was carried out by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold in Freiburg, Germany, in 1924. Embryology is a discipline that has been traditionally strongly influenced by its history.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |